https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38040 Wed 28 Jul 2021 10:17:50 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45238 Wed 26 Oct 2022 19:41:16 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:14465 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:57:57 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25108 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25132 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23659 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22170 H1 differentiation. In vitro studies indicated suppression of IL-12 production by several stress-related factors, but no effects of behavioral stress were shown on plasma IL-12 levels. Therefore, in the current study we (i) examined the in vivo effects of various behavioral and pharmacological stress paradigms on baseline plasma IL-12 levels; (ii) compared these in vivo findings to those obtained following in vitro stimulation of leukocytes from the same rats; and (iii) assessed potential sexual dimorphism in these outcomes. The findings indicated that plasma IL-12 levels were significantly reduced by social confrontation, wet-cage exposure, surgery, and the administration of corticosterone, epinephrine, or prostaglandin-E₂. Notably, most in vivo impacts on plasma levels were not evident when assessed in vitro. The IL-12-reducing effects of wet-cage exposure, and of corticosterone and epinephrine administration, were significantly greater in males than in females, although females exhibited greater total corticosterone levels following stress. The duration of acute stressors predicted the degree of IL-12 reduction, but more prolonged stressors did not. Furthermore, seven days of alternating behavioral stressors reduced plasma IL-12 levels more than 14 days. These findings suggest animals’ behavioral habituation to stress conditions, or a specific immune mechanism restricting the duration of IL-12 reduction. Overall, our findings indicate a generic and robust stress-induced reduction in plasma IL-12 levels, and suggest epinephrine, corticosterone, and prostaglandin-E₂, as potential mediators that should be scrutinized in vivo in the context of natural physiological stress responses.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:58 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48244 Sat 11 Mar 2023 12:50:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47445 Fri 20 Jan 2023 14:08:31 AEDT ]]>